Which element is NOT present in determining proximate cause?

In the context of determining proximate cause, the concept focuses on establishing a direct connection between an action and the resulting effect, typically seen in the context of legal and insurance matters. Proximate cause is essential in evaluating liability and the extent of damages.

The correct answer highlights that an intervening cause does not form a part of the fundamental elements for establishing proximate cause. Proximate cause is primarily about the direct relationship between the cause and effect. An uninterrupted sequence, a natural and continuous sequence, and an unbroken chain of events all pertain to demonstrating how one event leads to another without external interruptions. These elements reinforce that the relationship is clear and direct, which is essential for determining liability in workers' compensation cases.

An intervening cause, by definition, suggests the introduction of another factor that disrupts this direct connection, potentially leading to complexities in liability. Thus, while proximate cause seeks to establish a clear line of causation from A to B, an intervening cause would complicate or interrupt that causation, making it unsuitable for inclusion within the foundational elements of proximate cause determination.